Can-Am motorcycles are a unique category in powersports history, blending motorcycle engineering with innovative design choices that set them apart from traditional two-wheeled machines. While the Can-Am brand is now best known for three-wheeled Spyder models and side-by-side vehicles, the original Can-Am motorcycles were off-road competition machines built during the 1970s and early 1980s.
You’ll learn about the history of Can-Am motorcycles, what made them distinctive, the transition to modern three-wheeled Spyders, what to consider if you’re looking at vintage Can-Am bikes or current models, and how these vehicles fit into today’s powersports landscape.
What Are Can-Am Motorcycles?
Can-Am motorcycles were off-road competition bikes manufactured by Bombardier Recreational Products in Canada from 1973 to 1987. These machines were purpose-built for motocross, enduro, and desert racing, featuring lightweight frames, two-stroke engines from 125cc to 500cc, and advanced suspension for their era. Today, the Can-Am name appears on three-wheeled Spyder models, which are technically classified as motorcycles in most jurisdictions but feature automotive-style seating and controls.
History of Original Can-Am Motorcycles
Bombardier entered the motorcycle market in 1973 after acquiring rights to Rotax engines, which the company already used in snowmobiles. The first Can-Am motorcycles used single-cylinder two-stroke Rotax engines and were designed specifically for off-road competition rather than street use.
Can-Am bikes quickly gained a reputation for innovation, introducing features like monoshock rear suspension before many competitors adopted the design. The bikes were particularly popular in desert racing and motocross events during the late 1970s.
Peak Years and Competition Success
The brand reached its peak popularity between 1975 and 1982, with models like the MX-6 motocrosser and the 250 Qualifier becoming favorites among amateur and professional racers. Can-Am sponsored factory racing teams and achieved notable wins in North American off-road events.
However, increased competition from Japanese manufacturers offering more affordable bikes with extensive dealer networks made it difficult for the Canadian brand to maintain market share. Bombardier discontinued motorcycle production in 1987 to focus on snowmobiles, watercraft, and other recreational products.
What Made Original Can-Am Bikes Distinctive
Can-Am motorcycles stood out for several engineering choices that differentiated them from mainstream Japanese and European competitors. Understanding these features helps explain why vintage models still attract collector interest today.
Rotax Engines
All Can-Am motorcycles used Austrian-made Rotax two-stroke engines, which were known for smooth power delivery and durability. These engines featured piston-port or reed-valve induction depending on the model and year, with displacements ranging from 125cc to 500cc.
The Rotax powerplants were liquid-cooled on most models, which was less common in off-road bikes during the 1970s when air-cooling dominated. This cooling method helped maintain consistent performance during long desert races.
Frame and Suspension Design
Can-Am was among the first manufacturers to use a single rear shock absorber (monoshock) on production motocross bikes, debuting the design in 1975. This configuration offered improved suspension action and easier adjustability compared to traditional dual-shock setups.
The frames were constructed from chrome-moly steel tubing and designed with progressive geometry that balanced stability with cornering agility. Front suspension used conventional telescopic forks, which were considered high-quality for the period.
Build Quality and Availability
Can-Am motorcycles were built in relatively small numbers compared to Japanese competitors, resulting in higher per-unit costs and limited dealer networks. Parts availability was always a challenge, even when the bikes were new, and became significantly worse after production ended in 1987.
The Canadian manufacturing and premium components meant Can-Am bikes typically cost more than comparable Japanese models. This price difference limited market penetration despite the bikes’ technical advantages.
Modern Can-Am Spyder Three-Wheeled Vehicles
Bombardier Recreational Products revived the Can-Am name in 2007 with the Spyder, a completely different type of vehicle from the original off-road motorcycles. The Spyder features two wheels in front, one in the rear, automotive-style seating, and a steering wheel rather than handlebars.
These machines are classified as motorcycles in most jurisdictions, requiring a motorcycle endorsement in many states and provinces, though some locations have created separate licensing categories. The classification varies by region, so verify your local licensing requirements before purchasing.
How Spyders Differ from Traditional Motorcycles
Spyders use a Y-frame architecture with dual front wheels providing stability and eliminating the need to balance at stops. Riders sit in a saddle-style seat and operate the vehicle using a steering wheel, foot brake, and either manual or semi-automatic transmission.
The three-wheel design offers several advantages over traditional motorcycles, including increased stability in rain and gravel, no tipping at stops, and easier operation for riders with balance concerns or certain physical limitations. However, the wider front track means you cannot filter through traffic like a motorcycle, and the vehicles weigh significantly more than comparable two-wheelers.
Current Spyder Models and Engine Options
Can-Am offers several Spyder configurations, from sport-oriented models to touring versions with passenger seating and luggage capacity. All current models use Rotax three-cylinder engines, maintaining a connection to the original Can-Am motorcycles’ powerplant supplier.
Engine displacement ranges from approximately 900cc to 1330cc depending on the model, with both naturally aspirated and turbocharged versions available. Power is transmitted through either a manual six-speed transmission or a semi-automatic system that eliminates the clutch lever.
Buying a Vintage Can-Am Motorcycle
If you’re interested in an original 1970s or 1980s Can-Am off-road motorcycle, several important factors will determine whether a particular bike is a good investment or a problematic restoration project. These machines are now collectibles rather than practical riding options for most buyers.
Parts Availability Challenges
Parts availability is the single biggest challenge with vintage Can-Am motorcycles. Bombardier has not manufactured replacement parts for decades, and the relatively small production numbers mean used parts are scarce and expensive.
Some common wear items like bearings, chains, and sprockets can be sourced from current motorcycle parts suppliers if you identify the correct specifications. Engine components, bodywork, graphics, and model-specific items typically require used parts from donor bikes or custom fabrication.
What to Inspect Before Purchase
When evaluating a vintage Can-Am motorcycle, focus first on completeness and originality. Missing parts may be impossible to replace, and modifications can reduce both value and functionality.
Check the engine for signs of overheating, seizure, or improper rebuilds. Two-stroke engines require precise clearances and proper jetting, and mistakes made during previous repairs can cause expensive damage.
- Examine the frame for cracks, especially near the steering head, swingarm pivot, and shock mounts
- Check fork seals, bushings, and for straightness after impacts
- Inspect the monoshock for leaks and proper damping function
- Verify the ignition system produces spark, as replacement parts are difficult to find
- Look for corrosion in the liquid cooling system and ensure all hoses are present
- Confirm the transmission shifts properly through all gears
Value and Market Considerations
Vintage Can-Am motorcycles occupy a niche collector market. Pristine examples of desirable models like the MX-6 or factory-replica bikes can command premium prices, while common or rough examples have limited value due to parts scarcity.
The market is small compared to vintage Japanese motorcycles, meaning selling a Can-Am may take longer and require finding a buyer who specifically wants that brand. Verify current market values through completed auction listings and specialty vintage motocross resources before making an offer.
Buying a Can-Am Spyder
Modern Can-Am Spyders represent a significant investment, with new models ranging from approximately $15,000 to over $30,000 depending on configuration and features. Understanding what you’re getting and how these vehicles differ from both motorcycles and cars will help you make an informed decision.
New vs. Used Spyders
New Spyders come with manufacturer warranties and the latest technology, including stability control, traction control, and anti-lock braking systems that have improved significantly over earlier models. Financing is typically available through Can-Am dealers or outside lenders.
Used Spyders offer lower purchase prices but require careful inspection, particularly of the complex electronic systems that can be expensive to repair. Have a qualified Can-Am technician inspect any used Spyder before purchase, as electrical problems and brake system issues are common on higher-mileage examples.
Licensing and Insurance
Most states and provinces require a motorcycle endorsement to operate a Spyder, though some jurisdictions offer special three-wheel licenses or allow operation with only a standard driver’s license. Check your local Department of Motor Vehicles or licensing authority for current requirements in your area.
Insurance classification and rates vary significantly by provider and location. Some insurers treat Spyders as motorcycles while others use different rating structures, so compare quotes from multiple companies before purchasing.
Ownership Costs and Maintenance
Spyders require more frequent and expensive maintenance than many traditional motorcycles due to their complexity and the three-tire setup. Oil changes, brake service, and tire replacement all cost more than comparable two-wheeled bikes.
Tire wear is a significant ongoing expense, as the front tires experience heavy loads and wear faster than motorcycle tires. Expect to replace tires every 5,000 to 10,000 miles depending on riding style and conditions, at a cost significantly higher than a single motorcycle tire change.
Riding Experience and Practical Considerations
The Can-Am Spyder offers a unique riding experience that appeals to certain riders while disappointing others. Understanding what the vehicle does well and where it has limitations will help you determine if it fits your needs.
Handling and Performance
Spyders corner differently than motorcycles because you steer rather than lean through turns. The wide front track and stability control system allow aggressive cornering without the lean angles required on two wheels, but the steering requires more physical effort than a traditional motorcycle at low speeds.
Acceleration is strong on most models, particularly the turbocharged versions, but the weight penalty compared to motorcycles affects both performance and fuel economy. Expect real-world fuel consumption between 30 and 40 miles per gallon depending on model and riding style.
Weather Protection and Comfort
Most Spyder models offer minimal weather protection in base configuration, exposing riders to wind, rain, and cold similar to a motorcycle. Optional windshields and fairings improve protection but don’t match the comfort of an enclosed vehicle.
Touring models with passenger seating provide better long-distance comfort than sport configurations, but even fully-equipped Spyders lack the luggage capacity and weather protection of comparable touring motorcycles or convertible cars.
Who Benefits Most from a Spyder
Can-Am Spyders work well for riders who want the open-air experience of motorcycling without balance requirements, those transitioning from two wheels due to age or physical changes, and riders who prefer automotive-style controls. The stability at stops and in adverse weather appeals to many older riders and those new to powersports.
However, Spyders are not ideal for riders seeking maximum fuel efficiency, those who want to filter through traffic, or anyone expecting car-like weather protection and storage capacity. The vehicle occupies a unique middle ground that serves specific needs rather than replacing either motorcycles or cars.
Safety Equipment and Training
Always wear a DOT-approved helmet when operating any Can-Am vehicle, even where not legally required. Many Spyder riders also wear motorcycle jackets, gloves, and protective pants despite the added stability, as crash protection remains important.
Consider taking a motorcycle safety course or Spyder-specific training offered through Can-Am dealers before riding. While the three-wheel configuration eliminates balance concerns, proper cornering technique, braking, and hazard awareness still require instruction and practice.
Making Your Decision
Can-Am motorcycles represent two distinct categories: vintage off-road competition bikes from the 1970s and 1980s, and modern three-wheeled Spyders. Vintage models are collector items requiring parts-sourcing skills and restoration knowledge, while Spyders offer a unique alternative to traditional motorcycles with their own set of benefits and compromises.
Visit a Can-Am dealer to test ride current Spyder models if you’re considering a new or used example, and thoroughly research parts availability and restoration costs before purchasing any vintage Can-Am motorcycle. Understanding exactly what these vehicles offer, what they cost to own, and how they fit your specific needs will lead to a more satisfying ownership experience.
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